Though there is no way of completely neutralizing pepper spray, its effect can be minimized or stopped. Capsaicin (the active ingredient in pepper spray) is not soluble in water, and even large volumes of water will not wash it off. Victims should be encouraged to blink vigorously in order to encourage tears, which will help flush the irritant from the eyes. The spray can be washed off the face using soap, shampoo, dish washing detergent, or other detergents. Do not rub yourself dry with a towel, use a patting motion. Any cooling like ice, cold water, cold surface, or a fan will provide some relief. Milk has been shown to provide some relief and is frequently recommended for treatment of natural capsaicin exposure (chili peppers, hot sauces, spices). To avoid rubbing the spray into the skin, thereby prolonging the burning sensation, and in order to not spread the compound to other parts of the body, victims should try to avoid touching affected areas. Application of oils, or oil containing creams can trap the capsaicin to the skin and result in more severe chemical burns and blistering.
Other Considerations
The active ingredient, extracted from cayenne peppers, is what makes spicy foods so tasty. Bears also like the taste of cayenne, in small doses. Therefore, you should never use it as a repellant by spraying it around the campsite or on people's clothes. Clean anything that is accidentally sprayed immediately and also clean the nozzle of the spray bottle.
In Canada all products with a label containing the words pepper spray, mace, etc, or otherwise originally produced for use on humans are classified as a prohibited weapon. Only Peace Officers, and individuals/corporations who have special government permits may legally carry or possess pepper spray. Any similar canister with the labels reading "dog spray" and/or "bear spray" may be legally carried by anyone. The legality of using spray intended for animal deterrent on a person would be decided in court on a case-by-case basis.
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